Nvidia's DLSS, or Deep Learning Super Sampling, is a revolutionary feature that has significantly impacted PC gaming since its introduction in 2019. It enhances both performance and image quality, adding value and extending the lifespan of Nvidia's RTX graphics cards. This guide will explore what DLSS is, how it functions, its evolution across generations, and its importance, even if you're not currently using an Nvidia GPU.
Additional contributions by Matthew S. Smith.
What Is DLSS?
Nvidia DLSS, which stands for Deep Learning Super Sampling, is a proprietary technology designed to boost game performance and image quality. The term "Super Sampling" refers to its capability to upscale games to higher resolutions using a neural network trained on extensive gameplay data. This allows for better visuals without the performance hit of manually setting higher resolutions in-game.
DLSS has evolved to include several advanced systems beyond simple upscaling:
- DLSS Ray Reconstruction uses AI to improve lighting and shadow quality.
- DLSS Frame Generation and Multi Frame Generation employ AI to insert additional frames, significantly boosting frame rates.
- DLAA (Deep Learning Anti-Aliasing) enhances image quality and applies AI-improved anti-aliasing, offering visuals superior to native resolution.
The most recognized feature, Super Resolution, is particularly beneficial when combined with ray tracing. In DLSS-supported games, you can enable DLSS in various modes such as Ultra Performance, Performance, Balanced, and Quality. For instance, in Cyberpunk 2077, selecting 4K resolution with DLSS Quality mode allows the game to render at 1440p, which is easier to handle, and then upscale to 4K, resulting in higher frame rates than achievable at native 4K.
DLSS's neural rendering differs from older techniques like checkerboard rendering, adding details not visible at native resolutions and preserving details lost in other upscaling methods. However, it can introduce artifacts such as "bubbling" shadows or flickering lines, though these have been significantly reduced with DLSS 4.
The Generational Leap: DLSS 3 to DLSS 4
With the RTX 50-series, Nvidia introduced DLSS 4, which enhances the AI model used, significantly improving quality and capabilities. DLSS 3, including DLSS 3.5 with frame generation, utilized a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained on vast video game datasets. DLSS 4 shifts to a Transformer model, or TNN, capable of analyzing twice as many parameters and understanding scenes more deeply. This results in sharper gameplay with improved details and fewer artifacts.
DLSS 4's TNN model also enhances frame generation, allowing DLSS Multi Frame Generation to insert up to four artificial frames per rendered frame, potentially quadrupling frame rates. Nvidia Reflex 2.0 is integrated to minimize input lag, ensuring responsive gameplay. However, frame generation can sometimes cause minor ghosting, particularly at higher settings. Nvidia advises adjusting frame generation to match your monitor's refresh rate to avoid issues like screen tearing.
Even without an RTX 50-series, you can benefit from the new Transformer model for DLSS Super Resolution and DLSS Ray Reconstruction via the Nvidia App, which also offers DLSS Ultra Performance mode and DLAA.
Why Does DLSS Matter for Gaming?
DLSS is a pivotal technology in modern PC gaming, enabling higher graphics settings and resolutions on mid-range or lower-performance Nvidia GPUs. It extends GPU longevity, allowing gamers to maintain playable frame rates by adjusting settings, which is particularly beneficial given rising GPU prices.
DLSS has spurred competition, with AMD and Intel developing their own upscaling technologies, AMD FidelityFX Super Resolution (FSR) and Intel Xe Super Sampling (XeSS). While DLSS sets a high standard in image quality and frame generation, it's exclusive to Nvidia GPUs and requires game developer implementation.
Nvidia DLSS vs. AMD FSR vs. Intel XeSS
DLSS faces competition from AMD's FSR and Intel's XeSS. DLSS 4 offers superior image quality and multi-frame generation with low latency, giving it a significant advantage. While FSR and XeSS provide similar upscaling and frame generation, they generally produce less consistent image quality and more artifacts.
It's worth noting that DLSS is only available on Nvidia GPUs and depends on developer support, unlike the more universally accessible FSR.
Conclusion
Nvidia DLSS continues to evolve and enhance the gaming experience, demonstrating Nvidia's commitment to ongoing improvements. While not perfect, DLSS can significantly impact your gameplay and extend your GPU's life. With AMD and Intel offering competing technologies, gamers must weigh the cost and features of GPUs against the games they play to find the best value.
